We don't even need research or studies. We can look at the course of human history and the vast quantities of men who for whatever reason didn't grow up with fathers who turned out just fine. Nobody has yet explained to me why you need a father to teach you how to be a man. Clearly, George Washington didn't need one. My husband had a crappy dad so he didn't learn how to be a man from him. This a patriarchal narrative that has no basis in observable reality.

And that's pretty much what the two male "fatherhood" experts that I quoted at the very end of the "new materials" section of the OP said - that past beliefs about this were driven by cultural assumptions but that actual study of it indicates that things like economics and stability in the home are what matter.

“What’s important is not whether they are raised by one or two parents. It’s how good is the relationship with the parent, how much support they’re getting from that parent and how harmonious is the environment." This is something that I mentioned several times as the conclusion that all the researchers I cited agree on.

I don't know what you are even talking about regarding "people could just be confused." I think the only one who is confused here is you. 😉. And I don't really have time to keep debating this with you. My perspective is well supported - even more so now than it was in the original - and what is going on in the real world (and has always gone on) also speaks for itself. Only a tiny fraction of boys are currently being raised in male/female households. The rest of them are mostly doing just fine —if adequate other support and economics are in place. In the face of the overwhelming real world evidence, anything else is just a deeply held cultural story.